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Diabetes constitutes a large and growing health concern worldwide, and the exact aetiologies of human type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes still remain unclear. Understanding the early events that lead to pancreatic beta cell dysfunction and destruction might provide insights and options for novel therapeutic interventions in these diseases [1, 2].
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease causing significant morbidity and premature cardiovascular mortality worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) approximately 537 million adults (ages 20–79 years) are living with diabetes today, and this number is predicted to rise to 643 million by 2030 and 1 783 million by 2045 .