Anemia is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), particularly those with type 2 diabetes. Decreased erythropoietin (EPO) synthesis and abnormal iron metabolism caused by inflammation are important contributors to anemia in patients with CKD.
Kidney disease develops in 20–40% of people with diabetes, and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease in the USA and worldwide.