Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous condition with varying underlying pathophysiologies. After firstline oral treatment with metformin monotherapy, the most common second- line treatments globally are sulfonylureas (SU), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i) and sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) [1–3].
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most pressing global health challenges of our time, demanding a coordinated, multidisciplinary and multisectoral response through research, prevention and care. The number of people living with diabetes has been rising over recent decades.